Research: Identifying patellofemoral pain
Our survey instrument for natural history, aetiology and prevalence of patellofemoral pain studies (SNAPPS) is a screening tool to identify those with patellofemoral pain.
Project summary
Research summary
- May 2016 to present
SNAPPS is a screening questionnaire to identify people with patellofemoral pain from those with general knee pain.
The tool can be used in the community in populations between the ages of 18 and 40.
The survey asks 13 questions on:
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clinical features
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pain on activity
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pain location
SNAPPS was developed as a paper-based questionnaire. There is also an electronic version of the SNAPPS questionnaire (eSNAPPS) that has been validated for English.
The eSNAPPS file is in a JavaScript object notation format and can be exported into platforms such as online surveys.
There are currently five separate projects in relation to SNAPPS, including one in Germany and one in the United States.
Research outputs
ACADEMIC PAPERS
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Sánchez, M B, Selfe, J, and Callaghan, M (2021) ‘The prevalence of patellofemoral pain in the Rugby League World Cup (RLWC) 2021 spectators: A protocol of a cross-sectional study‘ PLoS ONE 16(11): e0260541
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Yusuf, M, Dey, P, Callaghan, M, Relph, N, Gichuru, P, Pinner, S, Ashbrook, J, Ashman, J, Goodwin, P, Macdonald, R and Selfe, J (2021) ‘Validation and utilisation of a digital version of the Survey instrument for Natural history, Aetiology and Prevalence of Patellofemoral pain Studies (eSNAPPS)’ Physical Therapy in Sport 50, 82-88
- Brady W, Boonprakob Y, Kwangsawad T, Buahong A, Asawaniwed P, Khachornsaengcharoen N, Yusuf M, Callaghan M, Selfe J, (2021) ‘Thai version of the Survey Instrument for Natural History, Aetiology and Prevalence of Patellofemoral Pain (SNAPPS): Cross-cultural validation and test-retest reliability’ Asia-Pacific Journal of Sports Medicine, Arthroscopy, Rehabilitation and Technology 26,1-7
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Ibeachu, C, Selfe, J, Sutton, CJ andDey, P(2019) ‘Knee problems are common in young adults and associated with physical activity and not obesity: the findings of a cross-sectional survey in a university cohort.’ BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 20,116
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Dey, P, Callaghan, M, Cook, N, Sephton, R, Sutton, C, Hough, E, James, J, Saqib, R, and Selfe, J (2016) ‘A questionnaire to identify patellofemoral pain in the community: An exploration of measurement properties.’ BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 17
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Questionnaires and translators
Questionnaire
(click link to download)
Lead Translator Supporting Translators English SNAPPS N/A N/A eSNAPPS (JSON file) N/A N/A Arabic SNAPPS* Dr Mohammad Zaid Darabseh
Dr Aseel Aburub
Dr Badrieh Al Abbad
Mohamed Yazjeen
Mai Mansour Khasawneh
Brazillian SNAPPS Lucas Arrebola Vanessa Gonçalves
Coutinho de Oliveira
Pedro Rizzi de Oliveira
Dr Carlos Eduardo Pinfildi
Dutch SNAPPS Dr Marienke van Middelkoop Dr Jessie Janssen
Hilco van Moerkerk
Janneke van Leeuwen
Finnish SNAPPS Esa Bärlund Dr Niina Katajapu
Kelly Raita
Douglas Brear
French SNAPPS Dr Jean-Francois Esculier Dr Kim Hebert-Losier
Anthony Teoli
Sabrina Uecker Jannick Wiggers
Svenja Uecker
Christina Pullattu Joseph
German SNAPPS (adapted) Carina Stolte+ Dr Axel Schaefer+
Thomas Schoettker-Koeniger+
Greek SNAPPS Dr Vicki Billis Dr Sofia Xergia
Ioannis Paneris
Portuguese SNAPPS Dr Joel Carvalho Nunes Thiago
Maria do Carmo Vilas-Boas Olazabal
Ana Elisa Oliveira
Spanish SNAPPS* Dr María B. Sánchez Dr Paolo Sánchez Puccini
David Wahlers
Malcolm Bisset
Turkish SNAPPS Dr Defne Kaya Dr Mahmut Calik
Ozcan Esen
Dr Hande Guney
Thai SNAPPS Wannaporn Sumranpat Brady Dr Yodchai Boonprakob
Dr Thooptong Kwangsawad
Pongthorn Asawaniwed
Athawit Buahong
Nuttapong Khachornsaengcharoen
+Validation and adaptation of the SNAPPS questionnaire in German.
*SNAPPS questionnaire has been translated and is currently going through the cross-cultural validation process.
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Other outputs and supporting references
- Thorpe, J, Dey, P and Earl-Boehm, J (2019) ‘The Prevalence of Patellofemoral Pain in the Community’ University of Wisconsin-Milkaukee
- Selfe, J, Callaghan, M, Relph, N, Gichuru, P and Dey, P (2019) ‘How do health professionals translate and cross-culturally validate self-reported health measure? An example: the German SNAPPS tool‘ Manchester Metropolitan University
- Oakes, J, Mccandless, P and Selfe, J (2009) ‘Exploration of the current evidence base for the incidence and prevalence of patellofemoral pain syndrome’ Physical Therapy Reviews 14(6), 382-387
- Callaghan, M, Selfe, J and Dey, P (2009) ‘Activity-associated pain in patellofemoral pain syndrome: How does it inform research and practice?’ Physiotherapy 95(4), 321-322
- Callaghan, M, Selfe, J (2007) ‘Has the prevalence of patellofemoral pain in the general population in the United Kingdom been properly evaluated?’ Physical Therapy in Sport 8(1), 37-43
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Around the world studies using SNAPPS
- Aldharman S S, Almuhammadi H H, Madkhali A Y, Alnami, R A, Alkadi, M A, Albalawi, D M, Alhamaid, Y A, and Khired, Z A (2022) ‘Prevalence of Patellofemoral Pain and Knee Pain in the General Population of Saudi Arabia.’ Cureus 14(10): e30355
- Xu, X, Yao, C, Wu, R, Yan, W, Yao, Y, Song, K, Jiang, Q and Shi, D (2018) ‘Prevalence of patellofemoral pain and knee pain in the general population of Chinese young adults: a community-based questionnaire survey’ BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 19
- Akodu, A and Nwkakalor, N (2018) ‘Patellofemoral pain syndrome: prevalence and coping strategies of amateur runners in Lagos state’ Medicina Sportiva 14, 3059-3067
Research team
Research team
Lead researchers
Collaborating with:
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Prof Paola Dey, Edge Hill University
Contact
Contact us
For general enquiries about our physiotherapy group, you can contact research lead Prof James Selfe.
PROJECT ENQUIRIES
If you have a question about the project, you can email us.
